Then, a commander is assigned to each unified command for the purpose of deploying, directing, controlling, and coordinating the actions of the command's forces. To form these commands, forces are acquired through the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The President, with the advice and assistance of the CJCS, establishes unified commands for the performance of military missions e.g., war fighting.
A JTF is a temporary organization that is limited by a specific time, place, and mission. The subordinate unified command has a continuing mission and command arrangement. The primary difference between the two lies in the scope of the operation. Each consists of joint forces under one commander. Moreover, the capability of the unified commander can expand through the formation of either a subordinate unified command or a Joint Task Force (JTF). Once forces come under a unified command, only the authority of the Secretary of Defense can transfer them. Having a broad continuing mission, a unified command comprises forces from two or more military services and falls under one commander. The members of the JCS consist of the CJCS Chief of Staff, US Army CNO Chief of Staff, US Air Force the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Chief, National Guard Bureau. The JCS is also responsible for the assignment of logistic responsibilities to the military services, the formulation of policies for joint training, and the coordination of military education. It reviews the plans and programs of unified and specified commands, considers major personnel and logistic requirements of the Armed Forces, and establishes unified doctrine. The JCS prepares strategic plans and provides for the strategic direction of the Armed Forces. Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President and the Secretary of Defense, members of the JCS serve as the communications chain of command and military staff to the unified and specified commanders. The functions of the DOD, as prescribed by the National Security Act of 1947 and its amendments, are to Support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest and Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States. Under the direction of the President, the Secretary exercises authority, direction, and control over the DOD.As the civilian head of the DOD, the Secretary of Defense reports directly to the President.
The Secretary of Defense is the principal defense policy advisor to the President and is responsible for the formulation of general defense policy and policy related to all matters of direct and primary concern to the DOD, and for the execution of approved policy. The President, in his constitutional role as CINC of the Armed Forces, is the senior military authority in the nation and as such is ultimately responsible for the protection of the United States from all enemies, foreign and domestic. The President, along with the National Security Council (NSC), determines the security needs of the nation and then takes courses of action to ensure that those are met.
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